Showing posts with label Browning history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Browning history. Show all posts

Friday, June 28, 2019

IT ALL COMES OUT IN THE WASH

Yesterday I drove to Cut Bank to use the laundromat.  The second person to show up to wash recognized me but I didn't recognize her at first.  She was Brenda Bird, who was Brenda Flamand in the early '70's when she was in my high school English class.  When she married Dale Bird from the "Flats", she was entering a family of world class rodeo champions, bull-riders and later stock suppliers ("Bird's Bulls").  They traveled the continent in both Canada and the US.  She is a dynamic woman who recently retired from teaching, a little early.  

Somehow she knew about the death of Ramona Wellman and I hadn't, though Ramona and her daughter moved mobile homes onto the other side of my block in Valier decades ago.  Debbie was also my student in Browning as were some of her sibs.  The history goes back a long way, with many stories.

After WWII a certain kind of guy came to the rez seeking his fortune.  Wellman, Polk, Davis, two kinds of Johnson, and more.  These were tall, handsome, get'er done guys in the mold of John Wayne, and they were looking for strong tribal women who had land allotments.  Their ranches formed the backbone of the river communities and their wives, who often worked in town to keep the operating money coming in, forming the working core of Browning.  The children of these unions went to college, did well, and stayed on the rez where their fathers became patriarchs until they aged out.  They preceded today's ethic of indigenous preference.  In those days white men ran the town and the BIA.

But there have always been families, sometimes Cree or Métis, who were solid, stable, hard-working people with good jobs, the honorable core of what "Indians" are really like.  Like Flammond and Bird.  When Bob Scriver divorced me, I spent the first winter on our little Two Med ranch and in Spring -- going back to teaching but still broke -- I looked around for someplace cheap to rent.  I made a deal with Wellman's to rent the big yellow two-story house in East Glacier where Ramona grew up, then a Wippert.  The deal was that I would spend $75 a month on materials and put in as much labor as I could manage.

The house had fallen on hard times and stood derelict for years.  I scrubbed and scraped and hammered and papered.  It was great therapy.  Sometimes Bob came up and took me to dinner.  Ramona had been his student in the glory days when he taught band.  That big yellow house is derelict again today, but someone ought to do another restoration.  It's solid.

When I was on the Two Med ranch, the road along the river was still gravel and left 89 by Wellman's.  When the Big Flood came in '65, they were in the old schoolhouse which is right by the water, and a man came to warn Ramona with her many kids.  I don't know where her husband was. The water was rising very quickly and the little kids were helpless.  Ramona took one in each hand and the man grabbed others.  One of the children Ramona was towing through neck-deep fast water slid out of her grip but the man caught the child.  They made it up to the raised highway without losing anyone.  She didn't like to talk about it.

Another Ramona story was about the time a criminal had finished his jail term and was roving through the country, taking what he could.  When he showed up at Wellman's, Ramona had been warned by the radio.  She ran a shotgun out the window and sent him on his way.  One didn't argue with her.  I'm sorry she's gone, but she won't be forgotten.

Going back to Brenda Bird, she and I caught up on the fates of those young people in her class.  1972 was the year of the winter that snowed as hard as recent winters, dropping house-tall drifts.  The Warbonnet had just opened. The teachers who lived in East Glacier were trapped at the school, eventually, sleeping on the floors of our classrooms when a motel became too expensive.  The days went on and on until the railroad sent out a huge track-clearing rotary plow.  Snowmobiles had just been invented and a few intrepid souls rode them up to East Glacier where wives were taking care of kids and pets.  The ranchers were desperately feeding their cattle, but they took a big hit.

In the laundromat what hit Brenda hardest was the teacher who had affected her most, Bill Haw.  Coming from Detroit right after the race riots, he was hired to be the high school counselor and brought Third Force Psychology with him.  Previously he'd been a photographer and a rodeo competitor.  Kay was his wife, and Wendy was his daughter, a friend of Brenda's.  Brenda sometimes stayed with the family in East Glacier.  She didn't know that Wendy had died of breast cancer as a young adult.

Bill Haw was one of those charismatic men who could do the impossible, which included running the Blackfeet Free School and Sandwich Shop out of an old commodities warehouse.  He could also be impossible, and his marriage broke up when he fell in love with Lynn, a beautiful primary grade teacher.  Her husband had been rustling cattle now and then, so it was easy to get rid of him by simply turning him in.

Bill and Lynn bought a pet shop in Kalispell which did very well.  Once, after some break-ins, an alarm was installed that called the owner at home if it heard anyone moving around in the store.  At dawn one morning the phone rang and it was the burglar alarm.  Half-awake, Bill was slow to realize he was having a conversation with a parrot that had triggered the call.  There were two more daughters and then the energy and stability ran out.  The brilliance and originality that had been controlled by meds were no longer effective.  His last few years were in a nursing home.


This part of the story hadn't been known by Brenda and it struck her hard.  But this is what it is to live on a rez where things can go from sublime to terrifying so suddenly that what happened might not be sorted out for years.  All those fine ranchers and their stalwart wives are about gone now and the double-heritage kids are retiring.  Browning is no longer a white business and government town on the terms of the State of Montana, but a "population center" run by the tribe and the BIA, which was ordered decades ago to eliminate itself.  (Ha, ha.)  I'm pleased that I can still be recognized and pleased that Brenda is still pretty and so competent.  We persist.

Friday, August 28, 2015

JESSE DESROSIER SPEAKS OUT !

Piegan Institute Immersion School graduate.
He DOES speak Siksika!

United States Marine


Junior at the U of Montana with a double major in anthropology and Native American studies.


SAFEGUARD BADGER TWO MEDICINE LAND  (from the GF Tribune, Aug. 24, 2015)

I was raised with the traditional values of my people, and found peace in the outdoors.
As a Pikuni warrior and veteran of the United States Marines, it is not only my duty to protect my country and lands but my obligation. It is my obligation to uphold our traditional life and to protect our natural resources for future generations. A Pikuni (or Blackfeet) warrior was shown a code of ethics by his/her elders and the proper protocol for war. For the Pikuni, it was a warrior’s obligation and duty to defend the rights of both the land and the people. Above all there were two distinct reasons a Pikuni warrior would defend and give their life for if necessary — the children, and the land.
The children are the future of the Pikuni and the most innocent members of the community. The land gives us life, and nature is what provides us with all the necessities of a good life. For thousands of years, my people defended our territory, battling disease, starvation, genocide, and forced colonization. We have seen our territory shrink vastly, but still we continue to defend what natural resources we have left, and share them with our future generations.
“Nit-sit-ta-pi-ksim-stat”, which in Pikuni means “Think Native,” the literal translation when broken down linguistically means “Real People Thinking.” Nit-sit-ta-pi which means “Real People” or better Human Being, the word my ancestors used when referring to not only themselves but all the idigenous groups of the North American continent.
Nature and our mother earth provided life for my people and every part of it was considered living. Thus many names in my language including places, plants, rivers and mountains have animate meanings. We understood the power of nature and the importance of respect we had to show to it in order to survive. The natural world is where my people found spirituality. Across the world, different cultures have constructed libraries, temples and churches for the purpose of gaining knowledge or places to worship and pray. My people are no different; we believe the power of knowledge and worship is in these animate elements of nature.
Our warriors are noted in several books for their bravery and aggression toward enemies who threatened the Pikuni way of life. Today, Native Americans serve in the U.S. military at the highest rate per capita of any minority group. Some of these veterans make up the Blackfeet Veterans Alliance and Blackfeet Warrior Society.
To my people there are these designated places which are reserved as “sacred lands.” Badger Two Medicine is one of those places; this is our “holy land”, and our “old country.” Not just a specific river or mountain, but all of it, from the prairie flats to the mountain front, and every body of water and stone upon it. By understanding the Pikuni culture and connection with the land, we can understand why it is essential for a healthy life.
I urge any outside entity to respect sacred land. I wish to share and pass on the phrase nit-sit-ta-pi-ksim-stat, or “think like a human being,” when considering violating the laws of my people. Badger Two Medicine is our Vatican, our “holy land,” and is there to be kept in its natural state, to gain knowledge and worship. I advise any oil companies to honor and respect the beliefs of my people.
Jesse DesRosier is a junior at the University of Montana with a double major in anthropology and Native American studies. From Browning, he is a member of the Blackfeet tribe and a veteran of the United States Marine Corps, 2007-2011.

________________________

Below are a few of Jesse's distinguished non-tribal family members.

"Montana Indian reservation administrator. Fred Choteau Campbell, was born in Shawnee, Kan., in 1864. In 1890 he entered the U.S. Indian Service as a teacher in Genoa, Neb. He was later sent to the Fort Peck Indian Agency in Montana and in 1898 was appointed superintendent of the Fort Shaw Indian Training School. Campbell also served as superintendent of the Blackfeet Agency for ten years before becoming the district superintendent for Montana, North and South Dakota, Wyoming, and Idaho. Campbell retired from the Indian Service in 1932.  Campbell's daughter Mary Freda married Peter LeRoy DesRosier, a Browning, Mont., merchant. Campbell died on October 5, 1942, in Portland, Oregon."  [Campbell is arguably one of the best Indian agents the Blackfeet ever had."


"Drugstore owner in Browning, Mont. Peter DesRosier was born in 1873 in Providence, R.I., and moved to Havre, Mont., in 1892, where he was employed by the Broadwater and Pepin Company. He later opened the DesRosier Drug Store. In addition, he was postmaster at Browning from 1915 until 1921 and raised cattle on the Blackfeet Reservation. DesRosier also founded a theater in Browning. Peter DesRosier's wife, Emma Jane DesRosier, was active in several community activities in Browning. Peter and Emma Jane DesRosier had four children: Lauretta Mary, Peter LeRoy, J. Stuart, and Patricia Alouise. Peter DesRosier died on 29 Dec. 1932. Peter LeRoy DesRosier was born on 4 Apr. 1902 in Havre, Mont. He worked as a customs inspector, deputy game warden, and was the subsequent owner of Glacier Drug Company in Browning. During World War II he served with the 79th Battalion of the U.S. Navy Seabees. He was married to Mary Freda Campbell (1898-1961), daughter of Fred Choteau Campbell."

Bob and I used to go to a movie at the Park Theater, run by another relative, Ledbetter, and then have ice cream sodas at Roy's drug store.  He had red hair, like Campbell.  I never really thought about whether he was enrolled.  The Park Theater and maybe Glacier Drug had been rebuilt after fires, but after the last fire the Park Theater ("the show house") was not rebuilt.

The Broadwater-Pepin mercantile building was derelict and torn down by Bob Scriver with a crowbar.  The nails were square and Bob hammered them out to recycle.  The lumber was used to build the Scriver Taxidermy Studio, which is now the Blackfeet Heritage Center.

I've admired Jesse since his elementary school days.  Clearly, he's still growing and what an amazement that is!  Ik soka'pii !!