BOOKS ABOUT TREATY SEVEN (CANADIAN)

The first "books" I want to note are not "codexes" -- that is, not printed pages bound in a cover -- because my experience with Canada has been founded on ecology -- the high northern prairie.  

HEAD-SMASHED IN BUFFALO JUMP.  This museum was formed a little late after the others got all the "best" artifacts and the original peoples began to ask for their stuff back, so its displays are highly technological.  The book that goes with this place and explains it in depth and carefully, is published online by Athabasca University Press  http://www.aupress.ca/index.php/   

Imagining Head-Smashed-In
Aboriginal Buffalo Hunting on the Northern Plains   Jack W. Brink  http://www.aupress.ca/index.php/books/?s=headsmashed+in+buffalo+jump

This a foundational book, an insight into community working together in a way far more complex than anyone suspected.

THE TYRRELL MUSEUM IN DRUMHELLER  The Royal Tyrrell Museum is a Canadian tourist attraction and a centre of palaeontological research.  Dinosaurs, mega-mammals, careful video explanations and picturing, all on the same ground where the fossils were found.  There are many books on these topics.

BOOKS:

Common & Contested Ground: A Human and Environmental History of the Northwestern Plains by Theodore Binnema.  https://www.unbc.ca/history/faculty#Dr.%20Ted%20Binnema  This book explains how it has all worked together: the people, the land, the animals, through history from the beginning.

The True Spirit and Original Intent of Treaty 7 by Treaty 7 Elders and Tribal Council with Walter Hildebrandt, Dorothy First Rider, and Sarah Carter. McGill-Queen's University Press.  https://www.mqup.ca/

Hugh Aylmer Dempsey, CM is a Canadian historian, an author and the Chief Curator Emeritus of the Glenbow Museum in Calgary, Alberta. Dempsey has authored more than 20 books, focusing primarily on the history of people of the Blackfoot Confederacy.  I list him instead of his books because there are so many books, about 20.  The is the list printed by Wikipedia.

• Crowfoot, Chief of the Blackfeet, (The Civilization of the American Indian Series, v. 122), Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 1972. ISBN 0-8061-1025-2
• Red Crow, Warrior Chief, Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 1980. ISBN 0-8032-1657-2
• Indian Tribes of Alberta, Calgary: Glenbow-Alberta Institute, 1979. ISBN 0-919224-00-8
• History in their Blood : The Indian Portraits of Nicholas de Grandmaison, Vancouver : Douglas & McIntyre, 1982. ISBN 0-933920-32-6
• (editor) The CPR West: The Iron Road and the Making of a Nation, Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre, 1984. ISBN 0-88894-424-1
• Big Bear : The End of Freedom', Vancouver : Douglas & McIntyre, 1984. ISBN 0-88894-506-X
• Gentle Persuader : A Biography of James Gladstone, Indian Senator, Saskatoon : Western Producer Prairie Books, 1986. ISBN 0-88833-208-4
• Bibliography of the Blackfoot, (with Lindsay Moir), Native American bibliography series, no. 13. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1989. ISBN 0-8108-2211-3
• The Amazing Death of Calf Shirt and Other Blackfoot Stories : Three Hundred years of Blackfoot History, Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8061-2821-6
• Tom Three Persons: Legend of an Indian Cowboy, Purich Publishing Ltd, Saskatoon SK, 1997. ISBN 1-895830-08-7
• Charcoal's World: The True Story of a Canadian Indian's Last Stand, Canada Fifth House Publishers, Calgary, AB, 1998. ISBN 1-894004-20-5
• Firewater: The Impact of the Whisky Trade on the Blackfoot Nation, Calgary: Fifth House Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1-894004-96-5
• The Vengeful Wife and Other Blackfoot Stories, Norman: University Of Oklahoma Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8061-3550-6
• The People of the Buffalo. The Plains Indians of North America. Essays in Honor of John C. Ewers, vol 1 & 2, co-editor with Colin F. Taylor, Tatanka Press, Wyk auf Foehr, 2003 (vol. 1), 2004 (vol, 2). ISBN 3-89510-101-X (vol.1) 3-89510-102-8 (vol.2)

Adolf Hungry Wolf and his former wife, Beverly Hungry Wolf, are not listed by Wikipedia because the Wikis are snobs who are above the controversies they don't know, but his four-book masterpiece, "The Blackfoot Papers" is expensive but indispensable for studying the tribe.  It is focused on Amskapi Pikuni with original documents and many photos previously unknown.  Every library in Treaty 7 country should have a set. The Canadian and US parts of the original tribe need not be separated.  Hungry Wolf's books began as humble home typed and stapled books sold to tourists but grew in stature over the years.  He lives on the West side of the Rockies in BC in a house he and Beverly built.  It has no running water or electricity.  He runs his computer with a solar panel.

https://www.amazon.com/Adolf-Hungry-Wolf/e/B002891Y7O  This website lists his books, Beverly's books, and has a link for notifications of new books.  "The Blood People", about the tribe where Beverly is enrolled, is for sale on Amazon for $2.99 hard back.  Christmas present?  Beverly is remarried and writing again.  Adolf has never stopped but likes to write about railroads as well.  Whatever you think about whether he's entitled to write about original peoples, he has a solid university education and his information is from the grassroots.

John Hellson was another white man embedded in Treaty 7.  He was an oral culture sort of guy, but his papers are in the Provincial Archives of Alberta.  https://albertaonrecord.ca/john-hellson-fonds

I include these two writers as examples of writing that is overlooked or rejected because of political issues, so it's easy to think that the information doesn't exist.

Turning to fiction novels, visit https://www.buzzfeed.com/jaydonono/indigenous-authors-canada  This website shows the value of controversy since the arguments over Joseph Boyden gave rise to this list.  They aren't all Treaty 7, but who is or is not from Alberta is as controversial as who is or is not "aboriginal" or even the argument over whether "aboriginal" is a nice word.  The culture in question was always oral until now and they still have a lot to talk about.

I'll pick up some more Treaty 7 books in later posts.  But I'm not Blackfeet, I'm not Canadian, and I'm not male or academic.  I'm just here. 

YET ANOTHER BLACKFEET BIBLIOGRAPHY -- DISCUSSION

A Blackft class learning sign language

There are almost as many Blackft bibliographies (lists of books about or by Blackft) as there are books of Blackft myths.  Probably too few in the first case, because they are always out-dated as soon as they are written and none of them include videos or blogs or music.  Too much is changing too quickly for a stable list, so I’m putting my list on this blog where I can update it over time.  

In the case of books about myths, the subject is not just fluid but also controversial.  As people transitioned from oral culture to written culture, it became apparent that they’d all been telling various versions — there is no Bible of mythology, definitive and authoritative, just a half dozen versions, at least.  White people in particular are quick to see any book about myth as equivalent to the Biblical myths, so one is immediately forced to admit that the Christian myths are just that and probably as various before they were written down.  Or else they raise up the Blackft stories and force them into the Christian template.  All heroic characters become Jesus and the Sun becomes Jehovah.

I'm spelling Blackft this way because in the US the word is spelled BlackFEET and in Canada the word is spelled BlackFOOT.  Many other words are spelled one way in Canada and another on the US side.  For instance, Piegan/Peigan.  It didn't matter a lot until computers demanded "accurate" spelling, meaning something like universal.  Then along came the righteous and demanded a return to the original names of the People, but they were an "oral culture" with no writing and those on one side of the rez pronounced the words differently so ended up with different spellings.  Even in English, one part of the rez spells "saddle" as "sattle" because that's the way they pronounce it.  They don’t hear the difference between a “d” and a “t.”  This symbols stuff is pretty tricky.

For instance, there are sounds in Blackft for which there are no English consonants.  To accurately "spell" those words one must go to a universal symbol system (which most of us have never learned) or go to a language like German that uses an alphabet with the back of the mouth sounds in it.  Pronunciation and spelling is the least of it -- this generation of Blackft on the US side hasn't learned or even heard those consonants.  So the language is simply bent and truncated to fit English.  It’s just as authentic isn’t it?  It’s spoken by today’s Blackft.

There is a way for everyone to hear traditional spoken Blackft: tribal radio stations like these two:

www.browningmontana.com/kbwg107.5fm.html

www.ammsa.com/content/cfwe-fm-radio  

These are low power stations, so hearing them means either being close or streaming.  There will be a lot of basketball games.  Or you can use a search engine to find white stations that repeat Windspeaker episodes.

There is very little writing IN Blackfoot, but most of it is at the University of Lethbridge.  (Lethbridge is a city bigger than any in Montana.  It is 120 miles from me, but I can’t go there until I can pay to have my passport renewed.  I balk.)

http://www.uleth.ca/artsci/native-american-studies

http://www.uleth.ca/artsci/native-american-studies/courses

Donald Frantz is the man who wrote the two Blackft language books that everyone buys and thinks they will learn, but one really needs a community for speaking the language.  Nevertheless, sometimes the books really help to decode Blackft words.  Learning to WRITE or even read Blackft is quite different from learning to SPEAK it.  

U of Lethridge, Alberta

Most of the tribal colleges in Montana and Alberta offer courses in the indigenous languages.  They will probably be taught by members of that tribal category.  The great value of speaking a different language is learning to see the world in a different way.  Every word carries a huge shadow of images, implications, experience, tropes and associations.  To TRULY learn a language means learning the sensory experience, human relationships, and cultural assumptions that developed in that specific place.  

Many people who have learned the languages of oral peoples have the purpose of creating written versions of Christian texts.  Frantz comes from this tradition.  This means that those who feel that learning the language will provide access to the Blackft spiritual world will probably not succeed by learning the written language, which is passed through a Christian filter.  This is not to put down Frantz or any others who have done this, because it is often the earliest and sometimes the ONLY access a person might have.

Donald Frantz

Recently I read about a scientific study of languages, the actual sounds of them, that discovered words respond to the environment in the very choice of vowels and consonants.  In a flat broad place, consonants make the words more intelligible.  In a jungly forested place sounds travel differently.  In Hawaii there are very few consonants: the language is carried by vowels.  In northern places, like Norway, there are lots of consonants.
http://nautil.us/blog/how-a-countrys-land-shapes-its-language

“Montana, 1911” is the translated diary of the wife of a professor (Uhlenbeck) trying to learn Blackfeet.  In the morning he interviewed speakers and listened carefully, sometimes transcribing what he thought he heard.  In the evening he tried telling stories in Blackft to an audience of Blackft friends, who often laughed at him before they corrected him.

Most people on the rez, at least those who interact with locals, pick up words like “sokahpi” which means good.  Many people learning a new language will pick up the dirty words and cursing first because that sort of electrified words because of reactions.  But there AREN’T any of those kinds of words in Blkft.  If they hit their thumb with a hammer, the words they use are English or maybe French if they are a bit Metis (mixed).  I have no idea what they said before contact.

“Books” really means “codexes” — that is, pages with writing that are fastened inside covers, suitable for sales and for stacking on shelves.  They are a European middle-class invention that fits into the assumptions of acquisition, prestige, accumulation, display, promotion and fashion.  Even the idea of “forbidden” private books.  Or books schools require.  All this is a function of a certain kind of society.  Some say that because it is based on the Ferengian tradition (“Star Trek”) of selling anything to anybody and therefore living on the fringes and transitions and avoiding offence, so it is a function of diplomacy.  

But many see books as a threat when governments or corporations understand they are introducing new ideas.  In the Seventies when many incendiary counterculture books were rumored and wanted (“Be Here Now”, “Steal This Book”), they circulated in backpacked unauthorized xeroxes, so you never got to read the first and last pages because they wore off.

Cyber-access has changed all that.  The Blackfeet Reservation has issued electronic tablets to all their kids, which means that the adults, alongside, are learning to use them.  CD and MP3 players abound, and people listen to books as they drive or travel long distances.  (Everything on the prairie is far away).  Many teachers use video cameras for student projects.  It is a form of "literacy," though that’s a word developed by codexes.

If the old-time Blackft, the Nitsitahpi, had had electronic tablets, even in the days before the horse when dogs and people carried everything, we would have a huge store of spoken and pictured resources in Blackft.  Clothes would have had pockets for carrying electronic devices.  Of course, they would have to recharge at currant bushes, but they’re close enough to sarvisberry bushes that the people would soon locate the best patches. (jokes)  It’s just that on the prairies one would have to depend on satellite networks because there are no tall trees.  But wait!  There are still high ridges like the one where Lewis and the young Blackft horse raiders met.  That didn’t work out so well.  It still comes back to culture.

There is only one Blkft text that I know of that is in sign language  It is a video of old-timers visiting among themselves.  They do a lot of laughing and joking, but it is not the malicious kind of thing on white radio talk shows.  Every time I try to talk with old timers by using sign language, they roar with language and accuse me of saying dirty things.  You can pantomime suggestive things in every language.  Even Scalia knew that.

BOOKS ABOUT OR BY "BLACKFEET" THAT ARE ON MY SHELVES

THIS BIB IS IN A STATE OF BECOMING.  THERE WILL BE ADDITIONS IN FUTURE.  It's fine to share, but you might want to put dates on your downloads.

Bibliography:  Blackfoot or Blackfeet

THE BLACKFEET: AN ANNOTATED BIBILIOGRAPHY by Brian R. Johnson, 1988

EARLY BOOKS BY WHITE PEOPLE

The Journals of Lewis and Clark, ed by Bernard DeVoto, 1953

The Old North Trail, Or, Life, Legends, and Religion of the Blackfeet Indians

By Walter McClintock

University of Nebraska Press, 1999

Old Indian Trails by Walter McClintock, 1923

SOUTHWEST MUSEUM LEAFLETS

All by Walter McClintock in the Twenties

• Painted Tipis and Picture-Writing of the Blackfoot Indians”
• Blackfoot Medicine Pipe Ceremony
• Dances of the Blackfoot Indians
• The Blackfoot Beaver Bundle
• The Blackfoot Tipi
• Blackfoot Warrior Societies

Blackfoot Lodge Tales: The Story of a Prairie People                                                                

By George Bird Grinnell,  1962 (Bison Books reissue)

Blackfeet Indian Stories by George Bird Grinnell, 1926

BOOKS BY JAMES WILLARD SCHULTZ

“Tales of Life Among the Indians” by James Willard Schultz, edited by Warren L. Hanna, 1988

"Friends of My Life as an Indian" by James Willard Schultz, 1923

BOOKS BY ANTHROPOLOGISTS

Mythology of the Blackfoot Indians By Clark Wissler; D. C. Duvall, 1995.  Intro by Alice Beck Kehoe.

Material Culture of the Blackfoot Indians by Clark Wissler,  1909

“The Ghost Dance: Ethnohistory and Revitalization”, 1989

BOOKS BY JOHN C. EWERS

• THE BLACKFEET, Raiders on the Northwestern Plains by John C. Ewers, 1958
• The Horse in Blackfoot Indian Culture: With Comparative Material from Other Western Tribes”  By John C. Ewers   U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955
• “Plains Indian History and Culture: Essays on Continuity and Change” by John C. Ewers
• Blackfeet and Buffalo: Memories of Life among the Indians, by James Willard Schultz, edited by Keith Seele, 1962
• Indian Life on the Upper Missouri by John C. Ewers, 1968
• “Blackfeet Crafts” by John C. Ewers, 1945

BOOKS BY OTHER ANTHROS

"Anthropological Essays" by Oscar Lewis, 1946 to 1970  Contains two significant essays: The Effects of White Contact Upon Blackfoot Culture, 1942 and Manly-Hearted Women among the North Piegan, 1942.

"Native North American Cultures: Four Cases."  The Hano Tewa/The Kwaikiutl/The Blackfeet/The Menominee.  Edited by George and Louise Spindler.  The Blackfeet section was written by Malcolm McFee. 1972.

"Changing Configurations of the Social Organization of a Blackfoot Tribe During the Reserve Period" by Esther S. Goldfrank, 1945.  MOnographs of the American Ethnographical Society.

"Modern Blackfeet: Montanans on a Reservation" by Malcolm McFee, 2013 reissue with intro by Graybill
"Modern Blackfeet: Montanans on a Reservation", 1972

The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe by Margaret Mead, 1932  She gave the Blackfeet a pseudonym:  “Antler.”

“The Sun Dance People” by Richard Erdoes, 1972

CONTEMPORARY WRITING ABOUT OLD TIMES

"The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West" by Andrew R. Graybill, 2013.  The story of the Clarke family.

"The Bear Knife and Other American Indian Tales" collected by Ruth-Inge Heinze,1994

“The Blackfeet” by Theresa Jensen Lacey, 1995  (Public school text)

"A Schoolmaster with the Blackfeet Indians" by Douglas Gold  1963

“I Will Die an Indian” An Anthology published by the Institute of the American West, a division of the Sun Valley Center for the Arts and Humanities, 1980

Reimagining Indians: Native Americans through Anglo Eyes, 1880-1940   By Sherry L. Smith   2000

Reality and Dream: Psychotherapy of a Plains Indian

by George Devereaux, 1951  (Source for “Jimmy P”, the film.)

Montana 1911:  A Professor and his Wife among the Blackfeet” by Wilhelmina Maria Uhlenbeck-Melchoir (her diary) with C.C. Uhlenbeck’s Original Blackfeet Texts

The Reservation Blackfeet, 1882-1945  by William E. Farr

“Blackfoot Redemption: A Blood Indian’s Story of Murder, Confinement, and imperfect Justice.”  by William E. Farr,  2012

Mission Among the Blackfeet by Howard L. Harrod, 1971

“Rebirth of the Blackfeet Nation, 1912-1854” by Paul C. Rosier, 2001.

Mission Among the Blackfeet, by Howard L. Harrod,  1971

The Great North Trail by Dan Cushman, 1966

"Common and Contested Ground: A Human and Environmental History of the Northwestern Plains" by Theodore Binnema

"An Historical Analysis of the Administration of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation by the United States 1855-1950's"  by Michael F. Foley,  Indian Claims Commission Docket #279-D

BOOKS BY JACK HOLTERMAN

"King of the High Missouri: the Saga of the Culbertsons" by Jack Holterman, 1987
also see
"Frontier Diplomats: The Life and Times of Alexander Culbertson and Natoyist-Siksina" by Lesley Wischman, 2000

"Place Names of Glacier/Waterton National Parks," 1985

CONTEMPORARY WRITING ABOUT THE PRESENT

"Piegan" by Richard Lancaster, 1966

CANADIAN WRITING ABOUT BLACKFOOT

The Gowen Sites: Cultural Responses to Climatic Warming on the Northern Plains (7500-5000 B.P.) by Ernest G. Walker, 1992

"Blackfoot Grammar" by Donald G. Frantz, 1991

"Blackfoot Dictionary of Stems, Roots, and Affixes" by D.G. Frantz and N.J. Russell, 1989

"Sweetgrass Hills, a Natural and Cultural History"  by Johan F. Dormaar  (Occasional paper #38, Lethbridge Historical Society, PO Box 974, Lethbridge, Alberta TiJ 4A2)

"Changing Configurations of the Social Organization of a Blackfoot Tribe During the Reserve Period" by Esther S. Goldfrank, 1945.  MOnographs of the American Ethnographical Society.

BOOKS BY HUGH DEMPSEY

"With Eagle Tail: Arnold Lupson and 30 Years among the Sarcee, Blackfoot and Stoney Indians on the North American Plains" by Colin F. Taylor and Hugh Dempsey.  1999

"Firewater: The Impact of the Whisky Trade on the Blackfoot Nation",  by Hugh Dempsey,  2002

BOOKS BY ADOLF AND/OR BEVERLY HUNGRY WOLF

"Indian Tribes of the Northern Rockies", a compilation"  1989
"Children of the Sun", 1987
"Shadows of the Buffalo"
"The Ways of My Grandmothers", 1980  (Beverly)
"Daughters of the Buffalo women: Maintaining the Tribal Faith, 1996 (Beverly)
"The Blood People"
"Siksika"
"The Blackfoot People"
"Charlo's People"
"The Good Medicine Books"
   "Life in Harmony with Nature"  1970
"Pow-Wow" Vol. 1"  1983

"Siksika:  A Blackfoot Legacy"y by Ben Calf Robe with Adolf and Beverly Hungry Wolf, 1979

FICTION and memoir ABOUT BLACKFEET BY BLACKFEET or Blackfoot

"The McCluskey Boys" Adventures in an Indian Boarding School" by M. L. McCluskey, 2012

JIM WELCH

Novels

• Winter in the Blood (1974)

• The Death of Jim Loney (1979)

• Fools Crow (1986)

• The Indian Lawyer (1990)

• The Heartsong of Charging Elk (2000)

Nonfiction

• Killing Custer: The Battle of Little Bighorn and the Fate of the Plains Indians (1994)

Poetry

• Riding the Earthboy 40 (1971 rpt. 1975)

• Last Stand at Little Bighorn

• Christmas Comes to Moccasin Flat

THOMAS KING
"One Good Story, That One"  by Thomas King,  1993

WOODY KIPP

Viet Cong at Wounded Knee: The Trail of a Blackfeet Activist (American Indian Lives)  May 1, 2008

STERLING HOLY WHITE MOUNTAIN

PERCY BULL CHILD

“The Sun Comes Down

SIDNER J. LARSON

“Catch Colt”, 1995

DOROTHY STILL SMOKING

"Tribal Education: A Case Study of Blackfeet Elders: A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education"  Montana State University, Bozeman.  April 1997.

LOCAL BLACKFEET BOOKS AND BOOKLETS

• “The Tale Goes with the Hide:  Memoirs of a Bullshooter”  by Rod Paisley, 1980
• “Chief Mountain Tales: Stories of the Chief Mountain area” by Rod Paisley, 1993
• “Big Sky Tales: True Stories of Western History, Special People, Memories of Experiences, Special Places and Humor.” by Rod Paisley   Paisley is a descendent of Lame Bull and Major George Steell.

“Black Moccasin: Life on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation” by John Tatsey, 1971

       Tatsey was “the Law” in Heart Butte for many years.

HEART BUTTE SCHOOL BILINGUAL PROGRAM and COUNCIL FOR INDIAN EDUCATION  1984

• “The Time up in the Sky:  Poems by students of Heart Butte School” edited by Nick Fedullo
• “Famine Winter” as told by Red Eagle to James Willard Schultz
• “Running Eagle, Pi’tamaka, Woman Warrior of the Blackfeet” as told by Tail-Feathers-Coming-Over the Hill and “The Cause of Things” as told by Red Eagle, recorded by James Willard Schultz, 1996
• Warrior Expressions '97  Literary Magazine

BLACKFEET HERITAGE PROGRAM

• “Sta-ai-tsi-nix-sin: Ghost Stories”,1979
• “Napi Stories”, 1979   Darnell Davis Rides at the Door, compiler.
• “The Educational Movement of the Blackfeet Indians, 1840-1979”,  1980.  By Jackie Parsons
• “Grass Woman Stories” by Mary Ground, 1978.
• “Roaming Days: Warrior Stories” by George Comes at Night, 1978
• “Pinto Horse Rider” by Tom Many Guns, 1979.

ASSORTED

“THE LAST STRONGHOLD: Badger-Two Medicine, Sacred Land of the Grizzly, Wolf and Blackfeet Indian” by Bob Yetter

“A Worthy Work in a Needy Time:  THE MONTANA INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR INDIANS”  Bond’s Mission, 1886-1897  by Margery Pease (Malay It-chey, “Good Wood”)  1986

NAPI’s LOOKOUT:  The story of Willow Rounds” 1984

"Sacred Objects and Sacred Places: Preserving Tribal Traditions" by Andrew Gulliford, 2000

SPECIALIZED

"Blackfoot Musical Thought: Comparative Perspectives" by Bruno Nettl., 1989.

"Encounters in Ethnomusicology: a Memoir" by Bruno Nettl, 2002

"Montana East of the Mountains,"  Photos by Rick and Susie Graetz, 1998.

RELIGION

"Mission Among the Blackfeet" by Howard L. Harrod,  1971

"Becoming and Remaining a People" by Howard L. Harrod, 1995

"The Animals Came Dancing:  Native American Sacred Ecology and Animal Kinship" by Howard L. Harrod, 2000

"The Spiritual Legacy of the American Indian" by Joseph Epes Brown, 1982

"The Gospel of the Redman: A Way of Life" by Ernest Thompson Seton and Julia M. Seton, 1966

"Red Man's Religion" by Ruth M. Underhill, 1965.

"Beyond the Primitive: the Religions of Nonliterate Peoples" by Sam D. Gill, 1982.

"Native American Religions: An Introduction" by Sam D. Gill, 1982  (The Religious Life of Man Series)

"Native American Religions: An Introduction"  by Denise Lardner Carmody and John Tully Carmody, 1993

"The Sacred Tree: Reflections on Native American Spirituality,"  collaboratively written, 1984


FUR TRADE AND METIS/RED RIVER

"Strange Empire" by Joseph Kinsey Howard, 1952, 1994.  (Latter with an intro by Nicholas C. P. Vrooman.

"Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont" by Joseph Boyden, 2010.  

"Many Tender Ties: Women in Fur-Trade Society, 1670-1870" by Sylvia Van Kirk. 1980.

"Scottish Highlanders, Indian Peoples: Thirty Generations of a Montana Family" by James Hunter, 1996,

"Children of the Fur Trade: Forgotten Métis of the Pacific Northwest," by John C. Jackson, 1996.